Parkinson’s disease: modern diagnostic methods and treatment strategies.

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement and motor control. It is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to dopamine deficiency within the basal ganglia. Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease and represents a significant public health challenge due to its increasing prevalence among aging populations. Advances in neuroimaging, biomarker research, and therapeutic interventions have improved the diagnosis and management of the disease. This article reviews the clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and current treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease.