Epilepsy-contemporary approaches to diagnosis and treatment

Abstract

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders, affecting more than 50 million people worldwide. It is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures resulting from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Advances in neuroimaging, electroencephalography, genetics, and pharmacological therapies have significantly improved the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. Early identification of seizure types and epilepsy syndromes is essential for effective treatment and improved quality of life. This article reviews current approaches to the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of epilepsy, highlighting recent developments in precision medicine and emerging therapeutic strategies.