Pediatric myocarditis-clinical features, diagnosis, and management.

Abstract

Pediatric myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle that can result in significant morbidity and mortality among children. The condition is commonly caused by viral infections, although bacterial, autoimmune, and toxic factors may also contribute to its development. Clinical manifestations range from mild symptoms to severe heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiogenic shock. Early diagnosis remains challenging because symptoms are often nonspecific and may mimic other diseases. Advances in imaging techniques, laboratory biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches have improved the detection and management of pediatric myocarditis. This article reviews the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and current treatment strategies for myocarditis in children.